Deposition characteristics of debris flows in a lateral flume considering upstream entrainment

The sediment deposited by debris flows in rivers is a common cause of mountain disasters. deposition characteristics are strongly affected the entrainment during transportation process and water depth river channel, but how poorly understood. Here, effects released flow volume, density, bed on investigated for total 22 different tests. Detailed topographic surveys deposit lobes conducted using 3D laser scanner with high precision. slopes largely determined density bed-sediment composition. However, effect volume lobe slope relatively limited. areas projected onto horizontal plane display dumbbell or trapezoidal shapes depending cross sections along lateral flume present Gaussian distribution after entrainment. area reduced height enhanced an increase depth, contributing to steeper deposit. Partial, submersed complete blockages occur, debris-flow depth. This study improves understanding features may aid future hazard assessments flows.